Branched fatty tetraamines and alkyl and alkoxy derivatives thereof



United States Patent US. Cl. 260-583 5 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Branched fatty tetraamines, their alkyl and alkoxylated derivatives, their synthesis and their use as epoxy resin curing agents, as corrosion inhibitors, and as agricultural chemicals.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 410,014, filed Nov. 9, 1964, now Pat. No. 3,418,374, issued Dec. 24, 1968.

This invention relates to novel derivatives of fatty acids, and more particularly to a novel class of fatty tetraamines which are useful as novel epoxy resin curing agents, as corrosion inhibitors, as agricultural chemicals and for the synthesis of other difunctional derivatives of fatty acids.

It has long been the desire of chemists to synthesize or to extract from natural substances compounds which not only possess the desirable physical and chemical properties of the long chain fatty acids, but also contain more reactive groups therein. With more reactive groups, the fatty compound would not only have good hydrophobic characteristics, but also have high potency, depending upon its reactive group type for surfactant, for polymeric, or for other chemical activities.

Among the approaches made toward accomplishing such an objective, that disclosed in U.S. 2,813,113 is typical. There the oxidation of oleic acid [CH (CH 7CH:CH (CH qCOOH] to azelaic acid [HOOC(CH )-;COOH] is discussed. Unfortunately, chain cleavage occurs in such oxidation. This is undesirable because it is detrimental to the hydrophobic nature of the resultant compound.

Roe and Swern of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, in the Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society periodical, vol. 37, pp. 661 to 668 (1960) report that unsaturated fatty acids may be carboxylated with carbon monoxide. The monoxide adds to the double bond. Such a reaction would conserve the hydrophobic nature of the fatty acid, but apparently no further work was done toward discovering new difunctional fatty compounds. This is unfortunate because, as discussed below, it has been found that such difunctional compounds may be synthesized rather easily and they possess many attributes highly desirable for various chemical technologies.

Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide novel difunctional fatty compounds which are useful in various chemical technologies.

Another object is to provide a novel class of fatty tetraamines.

Still another object is to provide novel methods for the manufacture of such tetraamines.

A further object is to provide a novel class of compounds which are good epoxy resin curing agents.

A still further object is to provide novel corrosion inhibitors.

3,510,521 Patented May 5, 1970 ICC Another object is to provide novel agricultural chemicals.

A still further object is to provide a novel class of compounds which are excellent intermediates for other difunctional fatty compounds having valuable properties for various chemical technologies.

Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and Will in part appear hereinafter.

It has now been found that a novel class of fatty tetraamines may be prepared by cyanoethylating the polyamine precursor of the desired tetraamine using acrylonitrile as described in copending application Ser. No. 398,438 filed Sept. 22, 1964, now US. Pat. No. 3,364,248. The resultant diaminodinitrile is then hydrogenated using a hydrogenation catalyst such as Raney nickel. The resultant tetraamine may then, if desired, be alkylated or alkoxylated. For example, by reacting aminomethylstearylamine with acrylonitrile, N,N-di-(2cyanoethyl)aminomethylstearylamine is formed. This compound is then hydrogenated using Raney nickel and then, if desired alkylated with formaldehyde in the presence of Raney nickel and hydrogen to form N,N,N',N',N",N'"-hexamethyl-N",N"-di (3-aminopropyl) aminomethylstearylamine, or else alkoxylated with ethylene oxide in the presence of a base to form ethoxylated di-(3-aminopropyl) aminomethylstearylamine.

The invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the compound possessing the features, properties, and the relation of elements, which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.

Reference is now made to the following examples which illustrate the invention in detail:

EXAMPLE I N,N'-di-(2-cyanoethyl) aminostearylamine A two-liter four neck Morton flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser is charged with 13 gms. water and 142 gms. (0.5 mole) aminostearylamine.

The temperature is raised to 70 C. and acrylonitrile (59 gms. 1.11 moles) is added with vigorous stirring over a period of one hour. The temperature is maintained at 70 C. during the addition, then raised to C. for an additional two hours. Excess acrylonitrile and water are removed in vacuo to yield 192.4 gms. (98.7% theory) of di-(3-cyanoethyl) aminostearylamine as a light oil.

Analysis:

Neut. equivalentl98.6 (calcd. 195) Primary amine3.3% Secondary amine93.6% Tertiary amineNil EXAMPLE II Hydrogenation of N,N-di-(2-cyanoethyl) aminostearylamine A 300 ml. stirred autoclave is charged with gms. (0.39 mole) of di-(Z-cyanoethyl) aminostearylamine and Raney nickel (3.7 gm., 2.5% by wt. of nitrile). Ammonia (520 p.s.i.g./ C.) is charged into the reactor and the pressure raised to 2100 p.s.i.g. with hydrogen at 165 C. This pressure and temperature (2100 p.s.i.g./ 165 C.) should be maintained for about four hours and then the reaction mixture should be cooled, vented and filtered. It will give approximately 142.4 gm. (93% of theory) of di- (3-aminopropyl) aminostearylamine as a pale yellow oil.

3 Analysis:

Neut. equivalent103 (calcd. 98.5) Primary amine40.5% Secondary amine-5 2.5 Tertiary amine0.26 meq./gm.

EXAMPLE III N,N-di- 2-cyano ethyl) aminomethylstearylamine A 250 ml., 3-neck flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and heating mantle is charged with aminomethylstearylamine (50.0 gms., 0.168 mole; N.E., 158.5) and water (4.52 ml., 9% by wt. of amine). The aminomethylstearylamine has the following physical chemical properties:

TABLE I Solubility data (weight to weight basis) at 25 C.

Percent Isopropanol 10 Benzene 10 Iso-octane l Kerosene 10 Skellysolve F 10 Mineral oil 10 Water Insoluble Physical properties Theor. mol. wt. 298.5 12 1.4685 N.E. 156.5 I.V. 1.80 Percent PA 95.4 SA, meq./g. 0.06 Color and appearance Gardner 1; liquid Relative density, d 0.859 Viscosity, cps. at 25 C. 21.31 Surface tension, dynes/cm./ (25 C.) 32.04

Gas chromatography:

Percent C-l9 diamine 82.2 Percent C-17 diamine 10.7 Percent C-l diamine 2.7

The temperature of the reactants is raised to 70 C. and acrylonitrile (19.6 gms., 0.37 mole, excess) added slowly with stirring. The addition is complete in about one hour at 7080 C. The temperature is then maintained at 76-85 C. for an additional two hours. Water and excess acrylonitrile are removed in vacuo to yield 66.5 gms. (97.5% yield) of N,N'-di-(2-cyanoethyl) aminomethylstearylamine as a pale yellow oil.

Analysis:

Neut. equiv.212 (calcd. 202.3) Secondary amine92.2%

EXAMPLE IV Hydrogenation of N,N-di- 2-cyanoethyl) aminomethylstearylamine A 300 ml. stirred stainless steel autoclave is charged with 100 gms. of N,N-di(2-cyanoethyl)aminomethylstearylamine (0.247 mole) and 10.0 gms. of Raney nickel catalyst (alcohol washer, 10% by wt.). The unit is secured and after it is flushed three times with gaseous ammonia a 250 p.s.i. ammonia pressure is introduced. Pressure is brought up to 1200 p.s.i. with hydrogen gas and heating is started. Temperature is brought up to 165 C. and pressure is maintained at 2000 p.s.i. for four hours. The unit is cooled, vented and opened. The product is removed from the autoclave as a methanol solution. Catalyst is filtered off and the methanol is removed in vacuo. A 100.5 gms. yield of a light oil is obtained (a 98.5% yield).

4 Analysis:

Neutr. equip-102.0 (calc. 103.1) Primary amine50.4% Secondary amine46.4% Tertiary amine2.06%

EXAMPLE V Alkylation of N,N'-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminomethylstearylamine A one liter Parr autoclave is charged with 222 gms. (0.5 mole) of N"',N"-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminomethylstearylamine and 8.8 gms. of nickel formate. The reaction mixture is heated to 120 C. and hydrogen is added to 600 p.s.i.g. Forrncel, a solution of formaldehyde in methanol (55% active), is then added slowly, over minutes. Total Formcel added should be 139 ml. (2.71 moles). Stirring is continued for 30 minutes after addition of Formcel was complete. The crude product is then filtered and residual methanol and formaldehyde removed in vacuo. The crude produce, N,N,N',N,N",N"-hexa methyl N"',N" di (3 aminopropyl)aminomethyl stearylamine will be obtained as an amber oil, 228.7 gms. (87% of theory), having the following analysis:

Neutralization equivalent147 (calcd 131.5) Secondary amine-l 0.9 Tertiary amine-78.1%

EXAMPLES VI TO IX Ethoxylation of N',N"-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminomethylstearylamine 6 mole adduct.A 300 ml. stainless steel, stirred autoclave is charged with 44.4 g. (0.1 mole) of N"',N-di- (3-aminopropyl)aminomethylstearylamine. The amine is heated to C. and 32 ml. (28.4 gm., 0.645 mole) of ethylene oxide is added over a one hour, 43 minute period, maintaining the temperature at 100-115 C during the addition. The product will be obtained as an oil having the following analysis:

Neutralization equivalent- 184 Apparent secondary amine0.74 meq./ g. Tertiary amine-86% 10 mole adduct.--To the above product is added 48 ml. (42.6 gm., 0.968 mole) of ethylene oxide at 100 C. The addition of ethylene oxide should take approximately four hours at 97-105 C. The crude product, after removing excess ethylene oxide, will have the following analysis:

Neutralization equivalent2 1 8 Apparent secondary amine l .03 meg. g. Tertiary amine-77.5

Glycol1 2.6

19 mole adduct.To the above product is added 38 mi. (33.7 gm., 0.767 mole) of ethylene oxide at 100 C. The addition should take approximately eight hours at 90- C. A crude product having the following analysis Neutralization equivalent-322 Apparent secondary amine0.6 meq./ g.

Tertiary amine-81% will be obtained:

100 mole adduct.--A 300 ml. stainless steel, stirred autoclave is charged with 44.4 g. (0.1 mole) of N"',N"- di-(3-aminopropyl)aminomethylstearylamine and 0.44 gm. of sodium hydroxide. The mixture is heated to C. and 255 ml. of ethylene oxide (226 gm., 5.15 moles) is gradually added over a seven and one-half hour period at 145175 C. At such time, the reaction mixture should be cooled and 116 gms. of product (N.E., 593; 43.8 moles of ethylene oxide added) can be removed from the reactor. The remaining product gms.) is again heated to 145 C. and approximately 200 ml. (177 gm., 4.0 moles) of ethylene oxide is added over a three and one-half hour period at 125l50 C. The product obtained will be an amber oil which solidifies to a yellow paste having the following analysis:

Neutralization equivalent-4410 Moles of ethylene oxide118 EXAMPLES X TO XII Propoxylation of N'", N"-(3-aminopropyl) aminomethylstearylamine 5 mole adduct.A 300 ml. stainless steel, stirred autoclave is charged with 44.4 g. (0.1 mole) of N', N"-di-(3- aminopropyl)aminomethylstearylamine. The amine is heated to 100 C. and 44.5 ml. (26.9 grn., 0.636 mole) of propylene oxide added over one and one-half hours. The mixture is maintained at 98l06 C. for an additional two hours and a sample of the crude product which will be obtained as an oil, should have the following analysis:

Neutralization equivalent-l84 Teritary amine-83% 6 mole adduct.To the above mix is added a catalytic amount of sodium metal and 12 ml. of propylene oxide. The mixture is heated for an additional one and onehalf hours yielding a product having the following analysis:

Neutralization equivalent-202 Tertiary amine94% Glycol-l.2%

FORMULA I CH (GH2)XCH(CH2) NH2 where a=0 to 2 x+y =6 to 22 Such compounds would include the amino-, aminomethyl-, and the aminoethyl-derivatives of fatty amines such as caprylylamine, caprylamine, laurylamine, myristylamine, palmitylamine, stearylamine, arachidylamine, behenylamine and lignocerylamine or mixtures thereof such as derivable from natural fats and oils such as tallow, soybean oil and coconut oil. In general, diamine derivatives of the C to C fatty acids are useful as a reactant.

The dicyanoethylfattydiamines that are formed using the above aminoor aminoalkylfattyarnines are those falling within the following formula:

FORMULA II 6 where a=0 to 2 R' =a radical selected from the group consisting of H- and CH3- x+y=6 to 22 Such compounds would include N,N'-di(2-cyanoethyl) aminomethylcaprylamine, N,N di(2-cyanoethyl)aminomethylundecylamine, N,N'-di- (Z-cyanoethyl) aminomethylpalmitylamine, N,N'-di-(2-cyanoethyl)aminomethylstearylamine, and the like.

Any hydrogenation catalyst may be used to convert the dicyanoethylfattydiamine to the tetraamine. Typical catalysts are nickel (especially Raney nickel), platinum, palladium, copper chromite or zinc, and oxides of zinc, nickel, copper, chromium and molybdenum. Concentrations of .05 to 15% of the nitrile can be used. Pressure can range from 15 p.s.i.g. to 3000 p.s.i.g. and temperatures from 25 to 300 C.

If it is desired to alkylate the tetraamine formed to its alkyl derivative, it is subsequently reacted with the appropriate alkylating agent, such as formaldehyde (one to six molar equivalents and preferably in excess of the tetraamine), under alkylting pressure (50 to 500 p.s.i.g.) and temperature conditions (75 to 300 C.) in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst (as above) under acid conditions, such as glacial acetic acid. Venting to remove water, as formed, is also performed.

If it is desired to alkoxylate the tetraamine formed to the alkoxy derivative, it is subjected, under pressure (3 to 300 p.s.i.g.) and temperature (50 to 300 C.) and under alkaline conditions to an appropriate alkylene oxide, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the like in accordance with the amount of alkoxy groups one desires to add to the tetraamine. From 2 to 200 moles and more may be added to each amine group. Catalyst concentration ranges between 1.0 to 15.0% of the fatty acid utilized, and the preferred concentration is 10.0% by weight.

The fatty tetraamines, their alkyl and alkoxy derivatives that are formed by the methods of this invention are those which fall within the following formula:

Among the fatty tetraamines which fall within the above formula are N ",N"-di- 3 -aminopropyl) aminomethylcaprylylarnine, N ,N"-di- 3 -aminopropyl) aminomethylcaprylamine,

N' ,N"-di- (3 -aminopropyl) aminomethyllaurylamine, N" ',N' '-di-( 3 -aminopropyl aminom ethylmyristylamine, N"',N"-di- 3-aminopropyl) aminomethylpalmitylamine, N',N"-di (3-aminopropyl) aminomethylstearylamine, N',N"-di- 3-aminopropyl) aminomethylarachidylamine, N"',N"-di- (3 -aminopropyl) aminomethylbehenylamine,

7 N,N"-di-(3-aminopropyl aminomethyllignocerylamine, N"',N-di-(3-aminopropyl) aminoethylcaprylylamine, N,N"-di- 3-aminopropyl aminoethylcaprylamine, N,N-di- 3-aminopropy1)aminoethyllaurylamine, N ,N-di- S-aminopropyl aminoethylmyristylamine, N,N"-di-( 3-aminopropyl aminoethylpalmitylarnine, N',N"-di- B-arninopropyl) aminoethylstearylamine, N"',N"-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminoethylarachidylarnine, N"',N"-di-( 3-aminopropyl) aminoethylbehenylamine, N",N"-di-( 3-aminopropyl) aminoethyllignocerylamine,

or mixtures thereof such as derivable from natural fats and oils such as tallow, soybean oil and coconut oil.

Among the alkylated diaminofattydiamines which fall within the above formula are or mixtures thereof such as derivable from natural fats and oils such as tallow, soybean oil and coconut oil.

Among the alkoxylated diaminofattydiamines which fall Within the above formula are the ethoxylated and propoxylated or mixtures thereof such as derivable from natural fats and oils such as tallow, soybean oil and coconut oil.

The compounds of this invention are good epoxy resin curing agents, when used in a concentration of 10 to by weight of the resin, as evidenced by the following tables:

TABLE I.PROPERTIES OF CAST SHEET OF EPOXY RESIN CURED WITH A TETRAMINE CURING AGENT Solvent and solution stability, percent gain in Weight; Physical properties Epon Deio- Hardness 828/amine Mineral 10% 10% 10% nized Shore D, Dielectric Wt. ratio Cure Toluene MIBK spirits Tide NaOH H2804 H2O Shrinkage 10 sec. constant Aminomethyl- 70/30 300 F., 1.5 hr. 8. 30 3.03 0. 19 0. 42 0. 23 0. 92 0. 28 S1ight 73 2. 93

stearylamine. N,N-di-(3amino- 70/30 300 F., 2 hr. 1. 54 0. 41 0. 03 0. 52 0.28 3. 22 0. 35 Nil 76 3. 10

propyl)amino methylstearylamine.

*MIB KMethyl Isobutyl Ketone.

TABLE II.PROPERTIES OF A FILM COATING OF ANOTHER EPOXY RESIN CURED WITH A TETRAMINE CURING AGENT Physical properties Parts per Sward hardness,

hundred weeks film has aged Impact Flexibility of Epon 1001 resin Cure 1 2 3 5 6 1 2 3 4 6 10 5 10 Aminomethyl- 16. 15 Room temp..." 20 22 160 160 160 160 Pass 1/8 Pass 1/8 stearylamine. Baked i 60 62 160 160 160 Pass 1/8 Fail 1/8 N,N-di-(3-arnino- 14. 14 Room temp 38 36 160 160 160 Pass 1/8 propyharninomethyl- Baked 24 A. 26 160 160 Pass 1/8 stearylamine.

propyl)aniinomethylbehenylamine, TABLE III N,N,N',N',N,N-heXamethyl-N,N"-di-(3-aminopropyl) aminomethyllignocerylamine, N,N,N,N',N",N'"-hexamethyl-N,N-di-(3-aminopropyl aminoethylcaprylylamine, N,N,N',N,N",N"'-hexamethyl-N'",N"-di-(3-arninopropyl aminoethylcaprylamine, N,N,N',N,N,N"-hexamethyl-N'",N"-di-(3-aminopropyl aminoethyllaurylamine, N,N,N,N',N",N"'-hexamethyl-N',N-di-(3-arninopropyl aminoethylrnyristylamine, N,N,N',N',N,N'-hexamethyl-N',N"-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminoethylpalmitylamine, N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexarnethyl-N'",N"-di-(3-aminopropyl) aminoethylstearylamine, N,N,N,N,N",N"-hexamethyl-N',N"-di-(S-aminopropyl aminoethylarachidylamine, N,N,N,N',N,N"-hexamethyl-N,N"di-(3-aminopropyl)aminoethylbehenylamine, N,N,N,N,N"'-hexamethyl-N"',N-di-(3-aminopropyl aminoethyllignocerylamine,

Properties of a film coating of epoxy resin cured with tetraamine 1 lhis coating dried in 20 minutes, tack free in 2 hours and dried hard in 4 hours.

-' Parts by weight.

9 TABLE III.Continued Where Impact:

After baking mins. at 375 F.)20/375 R is a radical selected from the group consisting of H-,

8th inch mandre1Passes r-w 2 2)e Reverse i1npact160" lb. After air dry (7 days at rm. temp.)7 days H(O CHCH2)e 8th inch mandrelPasses CH3 Reverse impact-160" 1b.

' Methyl isobutyl ketone resistance-72 to 96 hrs. and mixtures thereof where e=1 to 100 F Table 1 it should be evident that Epon 1001 10 R is a radical selected from the group consistlng of H- when cured with N,N"-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminomethand CH3- ylstearylamine has very good flexibility. Its solvent resistto 2 ance even after methyl isobutyl ketone immersion for to four days is far better than any other amine tested. 2. The fatty tetraamine of claim 1 being N',N"-di- The compounds of this invention also exhibit good weed 15 P PY y y 3. The fatty tetraamine alkyl derivative of claim 1 be control.

TABLE IX [Pm-emergence activity of N N-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminomethyl stearylamine (TTM) Percent weed Percent injury to crops control Cone, Soy- Broad- Chemical lbs/acre Corn Wheat Radish bean leaf Grass None (control) 0 0 0 O 1 O 2 0 2,4 dichloro phenoxy 1. 0 0 90 60 60 100 80 2,; dichloro phenoxy acetic ac salt of M 0. 5 0 l0 0 90 90 70 Hexailuoroarsenate salt of TTM 1. 0 3 0 4 D 80 4 D 4 D 0 5 3 20 0 0 50 75 0 1 Heavy stand of pigweed, purslane, lambsquarter, ragweed. 2 Crabgrass, oxtail. 3 Percent height shorter than untreated control.

4 Dwarfed.

It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, ing hexamethyl N",N"-di (3-aminopropyl)aminomethylamong those made apparent from the preceding descripstearylamine. tion, are effieiently attained and, since certain changes may 4. The fatty tetraamine alkoxy derivative of claim 1 be made in carrying out the above method and the combeing ethoxylated N"',N"-di-(3-aminopropyl)aminometh pounds set forth without departing from the scope of the y e ryl rn n invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the 5. The fatty tetraamine alkoxy derivative of claim 1 above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and being propoxylated N"',N"-di- (3 aminopropyl)aminonot in a limiting sense. methylstearylamine.

Now that the invention has been described:

What i l i i 40 References Cited d 'lthe titty tetraatrlninffi afnd their alkyl and alkoxy UNITED STATES PATENTS eriva IVCS a mg W1 III e OIIIll] a. Howk.

I 2,267,204 12/1941 Kyrides. 2,390,766 12/ 1945 Zellhoefer et a1. CH (OHz) CH-(CH2),,N"RCHCH2CH2NH2 3,200,155 8/1965 Kirkpatrick et a1.

( H2): 3,236,835 2/1966 Rabourn.

1 CHARLES E. PARKER, Primary Examiner R R. L. RAYMOND, Assistant Examiner H2 US. Cl. X.R.

rim 2602, 465.8, 584; 262351 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No 3 S10 521 May 5 1970 Eugene J. Miller, Jr. et a1.

It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 9, claim I the first formula should appear as shown below:

2 CH2 NR2 N R R4: H

Signed and sealed this 16th day of February 1971.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR Attestlng Officer Commissioner of Patents 

